LOS ANGELES (AP) - George A. Olah, winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his groundbreaking research into the unstable carbon molecules known as carbocations, has died at age 89.
Olah died Wednesday at his Beverly Hills home, according to the University of Southern California's Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, of which he was founding director. No cause of death was provided.
Olah's research, conducted over decades, helped pave the way for more effective oil refining and ways of producing less polluting forms of gasoline and other fuel. It also spurred pathways to medical research.
"Distinguished professor George Olah was a true legend in the field of chemistry," USC President C. L. Max Nikias said in a statement Thursday. "His pioneering research fundamentally redefined the field's landscape and will influence its scholarly work for generations to come."
The Hungarian government offered its condolences for Olah, who fled Hungary during a 1950s Soviet crackdown on dissent.
"The country has lost a great patriot and one of the most outstanding figures of Hungarian scientific life," said Janos Lazar, chief of staff to Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
Olah received the Nobel Prize for his work on superacids, research that led his observation of carbocations - an unstable, fleeting chemical species that he discovered how to stabilize long enough to study its properties.
He said there was no "eureka moment" and credited the find to long hours spent in his chemistry lab, usually starting before dawn and continuing late into the night.
He also singled out for praise his longtime USC collaborator Surya Prakash, who began working with Olah in the 1970s as a 20-year-old grad student and now leads the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute.
Born in Budapest on May 22, 1927, Olah said he had little interest in chemistry as a youngster.
"My main interest was in the humanities, particularly history, literature, etc.," he said in a statement published on the Nobel website. "I was (and still am) and avid reader and believe that getting attached too early to a specific field frequently shortchanges a balanced broad education."
Instead he studied Latin for eight years as well as German, French and other languages. Although a Jew, the son of a lawyer said he was fortunate to attend a Catholic school he called one of the best in Budapest.
It was at the Technical University of Budapest where his interest in science was finally piqued.
After earning a doctorate in organic chemistry, he went to work for the Central Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Science.
He was leading a research team there in 1956 when the Soviet Union cracked down on the country following the Hungarian Uprising of that year. He, his wife, their young son and most of his research team fled the country.
Eventually moving to Michigan, he began research on carbocations while employed by the Dow Chemical Company. Later he taught at Cleveland's Western Reserve University before moving to USC in the late 1970s.
Honored by numerous scientific societies as well as his native country, Olah authored or co-authored nearly two dozen books and published nearly 1,500 papers. He held 160 patents from seven countries, according to USC.
He is survived by his wife, Judith Olah, sons George and Ronald, and several grandchildren.
The university plans a campus celebration of his life at a later date.
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Associated Press writer Pablo Gorondi in Budapest contributed to this story.