Q: My family is spending more time outdoors. What should we know if one of us is stung by an insect?
A: For most people, when insects sting you, it is normal to experience swelling, redness, pain and itching around the sting. Some people, unfortunately, have a severe allergic reaction to the sting. Here's a guide:
* Mild reactions generally include redness, pain and swelling around the sting, as well as itching around the sting or other parts of the body
* Large (local) reactions can involve redness and swelling that affect an entire arm, leg or large part of your body and swelling that continues to increase for up to 48 hours.
* Severe reactions may include hives; swelling of your tongue, throat or other body parts; nausea, vomiting or diarrhea; and anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that requires immediate treatment.
If you know you have a stinging insect allergy, you should try to avoid insects. If you do get stung, immediately inject epinephrine if the symptoms of anaphylaxis develop. Allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, are also recommended as a long-term treatment.
The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology recommends the following additional precautions to avoid insect stings:
* Avoid wearing sandals or walking barefoot in the grass.
* Never swat at a flying insect.
* When eating or drinking outdoors, try to keep food and drinks covered.
* Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes and deodorants.
* Avoid wearing bright-colored clothing.
Always keep prescribed medications handy, and follow the instructions if you are stung. These medications are for immediate use while en route to the emergency room for observation and further treatment.
If you have had a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting, set up an appointment with an allergist. With proper testing, your allergist can diagnose your allergy and determine the best method of treatment.
Syeda Hamadani, M.D., is an allergist at the Allergy and Asthma Group of Galen and a member of the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Medical Society.