Q. What are the main types of lymphedema?
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A. Lymphedema is a condition that causes swelling where lymphatic channels that drain back into the venous system are disrupted. The condition can happen anywhere in the body, and it can be associated with surgical treatment for melanoma and breast cancer, as that often involves surgery on lymph nodes.
When the body’s lymphatic system is damaged, it can’t dispose of the fluid within that system– causing it to collect in various areas of the body that sometimes presents as swelling. Lymphedema can either be primary or secondary, which is sometimes called acquired.
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Primary lymphedema is idiopathic, meaning we don’t know the reason why it’s occurred. Secondary lymphedema results from a surgery, infection or something that damages the way the lymphatic pathways are drained. Lymphedema can happen after any lymph node surgery, primarily due to breast cancer or melanoma.
Lymphedema can lead to a fullness, tightness or heaviness in the area affected – most commonly in the arms and legs, but also in the abdomen, chest, neck and genital areas. It might show up as clothing or jewelry that doesn’t fit like normal, a new pain in the arms or legs, or trouble moving your joints – like in your fingers, wrist, elbow or shoulder. In more extreme cases, it can cause thickening or other skin changes. If you notice any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor right away to keep the condition from getting worse.
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Dr. Beth Snell is a surgical oncologist at University Surgical Associates and a member of the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Medical Society.