Ross’s Landing, the original settlement that became Chattanooga in 1839, traced its founding to adventurous individuals who traversed the Tennessee River in search of fertile soil and trade. During the Civil War, the juxtaposition of river and railroads made Chattanooga a critical target for Union control. In the years following the war, industrialization and increased population of the “Dynamo of Dixie” propelled Chattanooga into the seat of county government by 1870. But while river traffic and trading proved profitable for city businesses, the waterway often made commerce within the area difficult and separated families.
On Feb. 18, 1891, a ceremony opened the Walnut Street Bridge, dominated area newspapers and captured the attention of Hamilton County residents. Following Chattanooga Mayor Isaac Merriman’s speech, A.J. Springfield spoke for Hill City residents on the north side of the Tennessee River. “No one feels happier … than the people I represent, over the results obtained and the benefits and blessings that will be derived in the future on account of this great structure and thoroughfare that spans the Tennessee River,” he said. “This bridge connects two cities that are destined to be classed with the leading cities of the South.”
Springfield then explained to the hundreds of attendees that Hill City was actually three communities: Hill City “proper,” North Chattanooga and Northside, and each was increasing in population: “We expect at the next Federal census to compete with Chattanooga on population, wealth and such industries as will make our people happy and prosperous.” He invited Chattanooga’s citizens to stroll across the bridge and “view one of the grandest suburban cities your eyes have ever beheld …,” and then concluded his remarks by addressing the members of the County Court standing on the bridge. “On behalf of the people of Hill City,” he said, “I extend our heartfelt and sincere thanks.”
Springfield turned and offered his hand to County Judge Hugh Whiteside. The judge announced that he would “not attempt to speak at all” except to remind listeners that he had seen “Chattanooga with muddy roads and now you have streets with asphalt. I have seen ox-cart supplanted by cars propelled by electricity, and I have seen the old swing ferry now supplanted by this beautiful structure. I hope it has all been done to suit you.” He then introduced his friend, U.S. District Court Judge David McKendree Key.
Key had previously served as U.S. senator from Tennessee and U.S. postmaster general, and his introduction was accompanied by thunderous applause. He responded by noting “that this is a day of rejoicing as is evident by the vast throng assembled here.” Key recalled that he came to Chattanooga 38 years earlier and had often been forced to “seek the hospitality of our Hill City neighbors” when gatherings across the river ran late or a storm arose. “Here is a noble work, standing for the ages as the everlasting hills.” The excitement grew and the speeches continued.