Q: How can I recognize early dementia in a loved one?
A: It can be normal to forget a name, misplace your keys or walk into a room and forget why you are there. Occasional lapses like these can happen to all of us, especially during times of stress or poor sleep. What often worries families is when memory problems feel different, more frequent, more disruptive or are paired with changes in behavior or personality.
One of the earliest signs of dementia is a noticeable change from a person’s usual way of thinking or functioning. You may see a loved one struggling with tasks they once handled easily, such as managing finances, following a familiar recipe or keeping track of appointments. Repeating the same questions or stories within a short period of time can also suggest that memory issues go beyond typical aging.
Language changes can appear early as well. Someone may have trouble finding common words, substitute incorrect words or lose their train of thought mid-sentence. Over time, conversations may become harder for them to follow, especially in groups or noisy environments.
Changes in judgment or decision-making are another potential warning sign. This may show up as increased vulnerability to scams, poor financial choices or neglect of personal hygiene. Family members sometimes notice a loved one becoming more withdrawn, less engaged in hobbies, or unusually anxious or irritable. Personality changes, such as increased suspicion, apathy or mood swings, can be particularly distressing because they may feel out of character.
It is important to remember that dementia is not a normal part of aging, but many conditions can mimic its symptoms. Depression, medication side effects, vitamin deficiencies, sleep disorders and thyroid problems can all affect memory and thinking. That is why early evaluation matters. Identifying a reversible cause can make a meaningful difference, and even when dementia is diagnosed, early care allows for better planning, treatment and support.
If you are concerned about a loved one, start by paying attention to patterns rather than isolated incidents. Gently share your observations and encourage them to talk with their health care provider. If possible, offer to attend the appointment with them, since an outside perspective can be helpful.
Recognizing early signs of dementia can be emotionally difficult, but addressing concerns sooner rather than later can lead to better outcomes for both patients and the people who care about them.
Dr. Alycia Cleinman is a geriatrician with Common Spirit Medical Group – Healthy Aging and a member of the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Medical Society.